Get to Know the Ethnic Groups of Sarawak
Sarawak, with its capital Kuching dubbed the City of Unity, is home to over 30 ethnic groups all living harmoniously in a community that’s known for its Unity in Diversity. From the Iban and Bidayuh of the rivers and mountains to the coastal Malay and Melanau communities, as well as the enterprising Chinese and the highland Orang Ulu, these are the lovely people that make up Sarawak’s multi-ethnic society. This article explores the major ethnic groups that contribute to the region’s rich cultural heritage.
Photo credit: Sarawak Tourism Board (STB)
1. Iban
The Iban are one of the largest ethnic groups in Sarawak, primarily found in the central and northern regions. Known for their communal longhouse living and rich cultural traditions, the Iban are famous for their intricate tattoos, unique dances, and their traditional harvest festival, Gawai Dayak.
Photo credit: Sarawak Tourism Board (STB)
2. Bidayuh
The Bidayuh, also known as the Land Dayaks, are another significant group in Sarawak. They reside mostly in the southern regions of the state, near the border with Indonesia. The Bidayuh are recognised for their beautiful bamboo longhouses, rice cultivation, and traditional music and dances.
Photo credit: Sarawak Tourism Board (STB)
3. Orang Ulu
The Orang Ulu is a collective term for several indigenous groups, including the Kayan, Kenyah, and Lun Bawang, who mainly inhabit the highlands of Sarawak. They are known for their distinct languages, elaborate traditional customs, and intricate craftsmanship, particularly the Sape, a traditional string instrument that has gained international recognition.
Photo credit: Sarawak Tourism Board (STB)
4. Malay
The Malay community is a prominent ethnic group in Sarawak, particularly in coastal and urban areas like Kuching. Deeply rooted in Islamic traditions, the Malay people celebrate religious festivals such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri (Eid) and are renowned for their hospitality, craftsmanship, and distinctive cuisine.
Photo credit: Sarawak Tourism Board (STB)
5. Chinese
The Chinese community is one of the most influential non-indigenous groups in Sarawak. Many are descendants of immigrants who arrived in Borneo in the 19th century. The Chinese have played a significant role in shaping commerce, cuisine, and cultural celebrations, with Chinese New Year being one of the largest and most festive events in the region.
Photo credit: Sarawak Tourism Board (STB)
6. Melanau
The Melanau people, primarily found along Sarawak’s coast, have a strong maritime culture. Traditionally fishermen, they are known for their distinctive wooden homes and cultural blend of indigenous and Islamic influences. Their Kaul Festival, celebrated annually, is a significant event that honours spirits and marks the arrival of the harvest season.
7. Other Indigenous Groups
Sarawak is also home to smaller ethnic communities such as the Penan, known for their nomadic lifestyle, as well as the Kayan and Bisaya, each contributing its unique customs, languages, and traditions to Sarawak’s rich cultural heritage.
Each community adds depth and richness to the region’s identity, making Sarawak a true cultural gem in Malaysia. Through festivals, crafts, music, and traditional practices, these ethnic groups continue to shape the dynamic and colourful heritage of the region.
Photo credit: Sarawak Tourism Board (STB)